Communism evolved in response to social inequalities during the Industrial Revolution. Karl Marx laid its foundation. He stressed overcoming capitalistic exploitation through a classless society. Key principles include common ownership, no private property, and equality. Communism believes in a stateless, moneyless society based on cooperation and mutual aid. It promotes the welfare of all people, aiming to eliminate poverty and oppression. Proponents argue that communism can bring about a fairer and more just society. However, critics highlight historical examples of authoritarian rule and lack of individual freedoms in communist regimes. Despite differing opinions, communism remains a prominent ideology influencing global socio-political discourse.