To construct a Lorenz curve, plot cumulative percentage of total income against cumulative percentage of population. Represent perfect equality as a straight 45-degree line. Calculate the Gini coefficient from the Lorenz curve. Use the formula of Gini coefficient, a quotient of the area between the Lorenz curve and the line of perfect equality divided by the total area under the line of perfect equality. Interpret the Gini coefficient as a measure of income inequality. A higher Gini coefficient indicates greater inequality, while a lower coefficient represents more equality. Illustrate income distribution patterns through the Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient analysis.